Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Can An Old Massachusetts Fishing Port Light The World Again?

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/128754/Can_An_Old_Massachusetts_Fishing_Port_Light_The_World_Again_

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Kenny Ahern gets lots of laughs at Eau Claire Library | G.L. Berg ...

Comedian Kenny Ahern entertains children Wednesday during a stop at L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library in Eau Claire. Ahern put on two performances at the library. View photos at Leader Telegram Photo Page.

Kenny has a BFA (Bachelor in Fun Arts) from Ringling Brothers and Barnum Clown College, and his professional study includes: Pavel Groditsky, The Soviet National School for the Circus and Variety Arts (movement workshop; Christopher Bayes, The Juilliard School? (Physical Comedy Master Class); Bill Irwin, New York/The Actors Center (Physical Comedy Master Class); and Movement Theatre International, Philadelphia.

Physical Comedian Kenny Ahern

Source: http://www.glberg.com/2013/06/kenny-ahern-gets-lots-of-laughs-at-eau-claire-library/

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Obama hit by Snowden setbacks with China, Russia

WASHINGTON (AP) ? For President Barack Obama, National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden's globe-trotting evasion of U.S. authorities has dealt a startling setback to efforts to strengthen ties with China and raised the prospect of worsening tensions with Russia.

Indeed, Russia's foreign minister on Tuesday called U.S. demands for Snowden's extradition "ungrounded and unacceptable."

Relations with both China and Russia have been at the forefront of Obama's foreign policy agenda this month, underscoring the intertwined interests among these uneasy partners. Obama met just last week with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the Group of Eight summit in Northern Ireland and held an unusual two-day summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping in California earlier this month.

Obama has made no known phone calls to Xi since Snowden surfaced in Hong Kong earlier this month, nor has he talked to Putin since Snowden arrived in Russia.

Former Rep. Jane Harman, D-Calif., said it wasn't clear that Obama's "charm offensive" with Xi and Putin would matter much on this issue. The U.S. has "very little leverage," she said, given the broad array of issues on which the Obama administration needs Chinese and Russian cooperation.

"This isn't happening in a vacuum, and obviously China and Russia know that," said Harman, who now runs the Woodrow Wilson International Center.

Both the U.S. and China had hailed the Obama-Xi summit as a fresh start to a complex relationship, with the leaders building personal bonds during an hour-long walk through the grounds of the Sunnylands estate. But any easing of tensions appeared to vanish Monday following China's apparent flouting of U.S. demands that Snowden be returned from semi-autonomous Hong Kong to face espionage charges.

White House spokesman Jay Carney, in unusually harsh language, said China had "unquestionably" damaged its relationship with Washington.

"The Chinese have emphasized the importance of building mutual trust," Carney said. "We think that they have dealt that effort a serious setback. If we cannot count on them to honor their legal extradition obligations, then there is a problem."

A similar problem may be looming with Russia, where Snowden arrived Sunday. He had been expected to leave Moscow for a third country, but the White House said Monday it believed the former government contractor was still in Russia.

While the U.S. does not have an extradition treaty with Russia, the White House publicly prodded the Kremlin to send Snowden back to the U.S., while officials privately negotiated with their Russian counterparts.

"We are expecting the Russians to examine the options available to them to expel Mr. Snowden for his return to the United States," Carney said.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov on Tuesday bluntly rejected the U.S. request, saying Snowden hasn't crossed the Russian border. He angrily lashed out at the U.S. for warnings of negative consequences if Moscow fails to comply.

"We consider the attempts to accuse Russia of violation of U.S. laws and even some sort of conspiracy, which on top of all that are accompanied by threats, as absolutely ungrounded and unacceptable," Lavrov said.

During a stop in Saudi Arabia, Secretary of State John Kerry responded by saying the United States is not looking for a confrontation with Russia.

Speaking at a news conference in Jiddah, Kerry said that while it's true the United States does not have an extradition treaty with Russia, Moscow should comply with common law practices between countries concerning fugitives. "I would simply appeal for calm and reasonableness," Kerry said. "We would hope that Russia would not side with someone who is 'a fugitive' from justice.' "

The U.S. has deep economic ties with China and needs the Asian power's help in persuading North Korea to end its nuclear provocations. The Obama administration also needs Russia's cooperation in ending the bloodshed in Syria and reducing nuclear stockpiles held by the former Cold War foes.

Members of Congress so far have focused their anger on China and Russia, not on Obama's inability to get either country to abide by U.S. demands. However, Rep. Peter King, R-N.Y., said in an interview with CNN on Monday that he was starting to wonder why the president hasn't been "more forceful in dealing with foreign leaders."

Sen. John McCain, who lost to Obama in the 2008 presidential election, echoed that concern on Tuesday, telling CNN that "we've got to start dealing with Vladimir Putin for what he is."

The Arizona Republican called Putin "an old KGB colonel apparatchik" who disdains democracy and said that Putin "continues to stick his thumb in our eye."

"When you show the world you're leading from behind, these are the consequences," McCain said.

Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton echoed the White House's frustration with China. "That kind of action is not only detrimental to the U.S.-China relationship but it sets a bad precedent that could unravel the intricate international agreements about how countries respect the laws ? and particularly the extradition treaties," the possible 2016 presidential contender told an audience in Los Angeles.

Snowden fled to Hong Kong after seizing highly classified documents disclosing U.S. surveillance programs that collect vast amounts of U.S. phone and Internet records. He shared the information with The Guardian and Washington Post newspapers. He also told the South China Morning Post that "the NSA does all kinds of things like hack Chinese cellphone companies to steal all of your SMS data." SMS, or short messaging service, generally means text messaging.

Snowden still has perhaps more than 200 sensitive documents, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said over the weekend.

Hong Kong, a former British colony with a degree of autonomy from mainland China, has an extradition treaty with the U.S. Officials in Hong Kong said a formal U.S. extradition request did not fully comply with its laws, a claim the Justice Department disputes.

The White House made clear it believes the final decision to let Snowden leave for Russia was made by Chinese officials in Beijing.

Russia's ultimate response to U.S. pressure remains unclear. Putin could still agree to return Snowden to the U.S. But he may also let him stay in Russia or head elsewhere, perhaps to Ecuador or Venezuela ? both options certain to earn the ire of the White House.

Fiona Hill, a Russia expert at the Washington-based Brookings Institution, said she expected Putin to take advantage of a "golden opportunity" to publicly defy the White House.

"This is one of those opportunities to score points against the United States that I would be surprised if Russia passed up," Hill said.

___

Follow Julie Pace on Twitter at http://twitter.com/jpaceDC

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-hit-snowden-setbacks-china-russia-070516653.html

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Amanda Bynes Gets Nose Job, Will Tweet Surgery Video (Phew)

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/06/amanda-bynes-gets-nose-job-will-tweet-surgery-video-phew/

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Monday, June 24, 2013

This Brilliant Subway Hack Guarantees You'll Never Fall

This Brilliant Subway Hack Guarantees You'll Never Fall

The only thing worse than getting on a full subway car where there's no place to sit, is getting on an even fuller subway car where there's no place to brace yourself. But here's a brilliant hack that not only guarantees you've always got something secure to hold onto, but also something no one else has put their dirty hands on: a toilet plunger.

Our cartoon heros have been using plungers to climb walls and stick to ceilings for years, and apparently in real life the bathroom accessory has other uses too. You'll just want to make sure you can get it unstuck from the ceiling well before the subway arrives at your stop.

[Twitter via LikeCool]

Image by Szasz-Fabian Jozsef/Shutterstock

Source: http://gizmodo.com/this-brilliant-subway-hack-guarantees-youll-never-fall-561567857

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Supermoon: when to see it in all its glory

This weekend the moon reaches its full phase while also reaching the nearest-Earth position of its orbit, creating views of a 'supermoon.' It's a rare astronomical treat.

By Mark Trumbull,?Staff writer / June 22, 2013

A full moon rose behind the Empire State Building in New York last year in this view from Eagle Rock Reservation in West Orange, N.J. This weekend the moon reaches its full phase while also reaching the nearest-Earth position of its orbit.

Julio Cortez/AP

Enlarge

This weekend offers a rare start-of-summer treat: a ?supermoon? in which the moon reaches its full phase while also reaching the nearest-Earth position of its orbit.

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The result: a bigger, brighter full moon than we?re accustomed to.

So you might want to grab another summer treat (ice cream? strawberries?) and gaze outward or upward to take in the view.

When is best?

One answer is: whenever a clear sky gives you an opening and, of course, the moon is out. The moon is at its fullest on Sunday, but Saturday or Monday or even Tuesday will also offer close-to-full moons.

An ideal time for viewing can be around moonrise, when a view juxtaposed against the horizon can make the moon look bigger and more colorful (an optical illusion caused by Earth?s atmosphere).

Moonrise times this weekend vary across the country and around the world. But here are some reference points that may help.

On Saturday in the US, many cities will see the moon come up around 8 p.m. local time. In some places it?s a little before 8: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington. In some places it?s a little after: Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis, Seattle. You can look up exact times for your location at the US Naval Observatory website.

Around the rest of the world, many major cities have similar moonrise times, but some come as much as a couple of hours earlier (notably in the Southern hemisphere) or after 9 p.m. (for some northerly cities).

For Sunday, you can add about 50 minutes to Saturday?s times. Or again, for precise times you can check in with the US Naval Observatory.

Happy viewing!

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/QR3Vcl_6bT4/Supermoon-when-to-see-it-in-all-its-glory

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Summer solstice 2013: Longest day, best Mercury-spotting

This year's summer solstice,?Friday (June 21) at 1:04 a.m. EDT (0504 GMT), also features a rare chance to see Mercury, the planet usually obscured by the sun's glare.

By Geoff Gaherty,?Starry Night Education / Space.com / June 20, 2013

Land of the Midnight Sun: The sun sets just before 1 a.m. on June 16, 2013, in Anchorage, Alaska. Daylight in Anchorage will peak on Friday, June 21, with 19 hours, 21 minutes on the summer solstice.

Dan Joling / AP

Enlarge

Don?t miss your chance to see Mercury in the night sky as the northern summer kicks off.

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The last few weeks have provided an unusually fine opportunity for stargazers to spot the elusive?planet Mercury?because the planet has been in close proximity to brilliant Venus, and, earlier, Jupiter as well. However, the opportunity is now coming to a close as Mercury passes its maximum elongation from the sun today (June 20) and begins its rapid drop towards the horizon, passing between Earth and the sun on July 9.?

For the next few nights, Mercury will be a tiny speck just below Venus. It is closest to Venus on July 20, slightly less than two degrees away, but will also be very close one night earlier or later.

The best time to see Mercury is about half an hour after local sunset. Any earlier, and it will be lost in the sky's glare but much later and it will be too low to see. It is most easily spotted with binoculars, but once you've located it, the planet should be relatively easy to see with the naked eye.

This week also marks the?summer solstice, on Friday (June 21) at 1:04 a.m. EDT (0504 GMT). The sun will reach its most northern declination, marking the middle of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the middle of winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

Because the sun is as far north as it can get, it is above the horizon in the Northern Hemisphere as long as is possible. At local noon, it will be as high in the sky as it can get. These two factors combine to create the maximum solar heating possible in the hemisphere.

In the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite is true. The day is as short as it can get, and the sun is low in the northern sky, giving little warmth.

If June 21 is the "midsummer" or "midwinter" day, why is it that we always think of the seasons as beginning on this day? It's because it takes time for the sun to have its effect, causing the seasons to lag behind the sun, making the hottest days of summer (or the coldest days of winter) come a month or two after the solstice.

The solstices have always been important dates for humans. Most calendars mark the beginning of the year close to the winter solstice. Determining the exact date of the solstice was important to fix the calendar, and structures like?Stonehenge?in England were built to make accurate measurements of the sun?s rising and setting points.

Editor's note: If you snap an amazing photo of Mercury in the night sky, or any other celestial object, and you'd like to share for a possible story or image gallery, please send images and comments, including location information, to Managing Editor Tariq Malik at?spacephotos@space.com.

This article was provided to SPACE.com by?Starry Night Education, the leader in space science curriculum solutions. Follow Starry Night on Twitter?@StarryNightEdu. Follow us?@Spacedotcom,?Facebookand?Google+. Original article on?SPACE.com.

Copyright 2013?SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/sU-bP7S-q1A/Summer-solstice-2013-Longest-day-best-Mercury-spotting

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Astros look strong in win over Cubs

Associated Press Sports

updated 7:46 p.m. ET June 22, 2013

CHICAGO (AP) - The Houston Astros used power hitting and precision execution to turn an early deficit into an exciting victory.

Ronny Cedeno's squeeze bunt scored Justin Maxwell with the tiebreaking run in the ninth inning to lead Houston over the Chicago Cubs 4-3 on Saturday after J.D. Martinez hit a three-run homer in the sixth.

"In order to play these types of close games, you have to play good baseball," Astros manager Bo Porter said. "What I love about our ballclub is even though we make some mistakes, they don't hang their head. They keep battling, they keep fighting and we find a way to either get ourselves back into the game or make it a ballgame every night."

Martinez did just that by tying the score with a long home run after Jose Altuve and Chris Carter singled.

"Altuve and Carter were able to get on and without them getting on with two outs, the game is not the same," Martinez said. "It feels good just to tie the game up and give our team a chance."

Jose Cisnero (2-0) pitched two scoreless innings for the win, escaping a bases-loaded jam in the eighth. Jose Veras earned his 15th save in 18 chances.

"Quality pitch after quality pitch, I'll tell you what I like, that his facial expression, his emotion, it never changed," Porter said.

Maxwell hit a leadoff double in the ninth against Kevin Gregg (2-1) and moved to third on Matt Dominguez's sacrifice. Cedeno followed with another sacrifice bunt, putting the Astros ahead.

Nate Schierholtz hit a solo homer in the fifth to give the Cubs a 3-0 lead. It was his 10th homer this season, setting a career high.

Alfonso Soriano reached scoring position in the bottom of the eighth with a double to left field but was called out by second base umpire David Rackley on a pickoff play that drew Chicago manager Dale Sveum out of the dugout for an argument.

Replays showed Soriano made it back to the bag before the tag.

"I know I had tagged the base before his glove tagged my hands," Soriano said. "I know my lead at second base. It doesn't matter how good of a move the pitcher has, I know my lead and I know I can get back. It doesn't matter if he has a good move."

Ryan Sweeney then hit a single that would have given Soriano a great opportunity to score. Instead, the Cubs loaded the bases before Darwin Barney flied out to end the inning.

"Soriano is safe at second base, so there is a run," Sveum said. "It's a broken record. We just can't seem to get that hit to break the game open in those situations. We get guys on and we just can't get them in."

Chicago starter Travis Wood appeared to be in control after getting a pair of outs to start the sixth inning. But after hard-hit singles by Altuve and Carter, Martinez tied the game with a long home run that cleared the left-field bleachers on its way to Waveland Avenue.

"Out of the park, literally out of the park, that was my only one," Martinez said. "This is really the only park you can do it. Everywhere else you've got to hit it 900 feet."

Wood had given up just two hits heading into the sixth and looked primed to earn his first victory in his last four starts.

"Really, it just falls back on me not being able to execute the pitches at that point," Wood said. "I missed bad (on the home run pitch). It was supposed to be back door and it ended up coming all the way across the plate and that just can't happen."

Luis Valbuena put the Cubs ahead with a two-run single in the third after a pair of Houston errors.

Barney hit a grounder to third that looked like a sure double play, but Dominguez threw high to second. Astros catcher Carlos Corporan compounded the mistake with an errant pickoff attempt that hit second base and ricocheted into shallow left field, allowing both runners to advance.

NOTES: The Cubs are 7-3 in interleague play with 10 games remaining. They haven't had a winning record against the American League since 2007 (8-4). ... Jeff Samardzija (4-7, 3.35 ERA) pitches Sunday for Chicago against Jordan Lyles (4-1, 3.22).

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Returning ... when?

CSN Washington: Bryce Harper wants to take his rehab slowly. The Nationals want him to speed things up. Who will win this battle of wits?

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/52285902/ns/sports-baseball/

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Saturday, June 22, 2013

Precision in chaos: Pilots battle wildfires

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It looks like Aol will be the latest company to toss its hat in as a possible replacement for for Go

It looks like Aol will be the latest company to toss its hat in as a possible replacement for for Google Reader. Some crafty Internet sleuths have discovered a login page for a private beta for Aol Reader, just a week before Mountain View is set to pull the plug on its beloved client. Do you think Aol can get it done?

Source: http://gizmodo.com/it-looks-like-aol-will-be-the-latest-company-to-toss-it-533790956

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Putin warns on arming Syrian rebels as conflict widens

By Alexei Anishchuk and Louis Charbonneau

ST PETERSBURG, Russia/UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - Russian President Vladimir Putin cautioned the West on Friday against arming Syrian rebel forces, which he said included "terrorist" groups, and warned that a swift exit by President Bashar al-Assad risked creating a dangerous power vacuum.

"If the United States ... recognizes one of the key Syrian opposition organizations, al-Nusra, as terrorist ... how can one deliver arms to those opposition members?" Putin told a panel with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. "Where will they end up? What role will they play?"

Putin defended his own country's arm sales to the embattled Syrian government as "entirely legal, repeating Russia's position that outsiders should not determine the fate of Assad and Syria.

"If Assad goes today, a political vacuum emerges - who will fill it?" Putin said at a later news conference with Merkel. "Maybe those terrorist organizations. Nobody wants this - but how can it be avoided? After all, they are armed and aggressive."

The only solution, he said, was an international peace conference that Russia and the United States are seeking to convene.

A U.N. human rights investigator warned on Friday that an increased flow of arms to Syria's government and rebel forces would likely result in increased war crimes in a two-year civil war that has killed some 93,000 people.

"States who provide arms have responsibilities in terms of the eventual use of those arms to commit ... war crimes or crimes against humanity," said Paulo Pinheiro, chairman of a U.N. commission of inquiry on rights violations in Syria.

With Russia and Iran arming Assad's forces, and Lebanon's Hezbollah fighters joining the war on his behalf, Western powers have agreed to step up aid to the mainly Sunni rebels.

U.S. President Barack Obama, citing the Syrian government's alleged use of chemical weapons, decided last week to provide military aid to rebels fighting to overthrow Assad.

Obama said on Friday the United States was leaving about 700 combat-equipped troops in Jordan after a training exercise there, at the request of Amman. The United States previously decided to leave Patriot missiles and warplanes in the country.

Jordan fears a spillover of the Syrian war into its territory, where an estimated half million Syrian refugees have fled to escape the bloodshed.

With both countries keeping an eye on the war, Obama told Congress in a letter that the troops would remain until the security situation became such that they were no longer needed.

The European Union lifted its arms embargo on Syria last month. Britain and France have spoken in favor of potentially arming the rebels, but have not yet taken any decisions.

Western powers had been reluctant in the past to arm the rebels because of concerns about the rising strength of Sunni Islamist insurgents who have pledged loyalty to al Qaeda.

France sent 16 tonnes (1 tonne = 1.102 tons) of medical aid to northern Syria on Friday, including antidotes for nerve agents, as rebels prepared to face an assault on the city of Aleppo by Assad's forces.

GROWING MIDDLE EAST DIVIDE

A U.N. spokeswoman said senior U.S. and Russian officials would meet with the international mediator on Syria in Geneva on Tuesday to discuss a peace conference.

An international peace conference is not expected to occur before August after G8 leaders clashed with Russia over the nature of a transitional government.

Foreign ministers of the Friends of Syria group of nations, which backs the opposition, will meet in Qatar on Saturday to discuss how to help the rebel Free Syrian Army defend the northern city of Aleppo.

The insurgents have suffered a recent series of battlefield setbacks and are besieged on the outskirts of Damascus by advancing government forces, who have begun to regain the upper hand.

Two years of fighting have dragged Syria's neighbors into a deadly confrontation between Shi'ite Iran supporting Assad, whose Alawite sect derives from Shi'ite Islam, and Sunni Arab Gulf nations backing the rebels.

In Beirut, the Lebanese army sealed off the parliamentary district on Friday and threatened stern action against violence after a night of unrest triggered by the Syrian war and political paralysis at home. The fighting in Syria has driven half a million Syrian refugees into Lebanon.

Sectarian violence has intensified in Lebanon because of the Syrian conflict across the border, where Lebanon's Shi'ite militia Hezbollah and Lebanese Sunni gunmen have joined opposing sides of the war.

A Cabinet minister in Iraq's Shi'ite-led government said on Friday that thousands of Shi'ite Muslims from Iraq and beyond would take up arms against Sunni al Qaeda 'savages" if fellow Shi'ites or their shrines came under further attack.

Hadi al-Amiri, Iraq's transport minister, told Reuters it would be impossible to "sit idle while the Shi'ites are being attacked," while the United States and Western allies arm and finance the mainly Sunni rebels.

Spanish police arrested eight people on Friday in Spain's North African enclave of Ceuta on suspicion of recruiting fighters for a branch of al Qaeda in Syria.

(Additional reporting by John Irish in Paris, Gabriela Baczynska in Moscow, Samia Nakhoul and Suadad al-Salhy in Baghdad, Dominic Evans in Beirut, Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva; Paul Day in Madrid and Steve Holland in Washington; Writing by Peter Cooney; Editing by Eric Walsh)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/putin-warns-arming-syrian-rebels-conflict-widens-221301690.html

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Thursday, June 20, 2013

Forget jetliners, the Paris Air Show means war (video)

Forget jetliners, the Paris Air Show means war

There's a battle going on between Airbus and Boeing, but while both industry players maintain their fair share of government contracts, this war primarily concerns the commercial side of the biz. For many of the companies that surround these giants at this week's Paris Air Show, however, military might is big business. Fighter jets, troop transporters, attack drones and massive missiles are the bread and butter of manufacturers like US-based Raytheon and France's own Thales -- smaller companies from China, Germany, Israel and Russia flaunt their own munitions at otherwise ordinary trade show booths, too.

High-profile politicians and military officers from around the world are also in no short supply at Le Bourget Airport this week. In one exhibition hall, we spotted Lieutenant General Craig Franklin, a top US Air Force commander, studying a new security screening system from Safran. Then, earlier today, we stumbled upon Sergey Shoygu, Russia's Minister of Defence, examining a handful of mobile rocket launchers. And just after yesterday's Airbus A350 cockpit tour, we bumped into a gaggle of Chinese officers as they were checking out model attack choppers at the Eurocopter booth.

Troops from dozens of countries around the globe were in attendance, often dressed up in full military regalia despite the oppressive summer heat. Allies and enemies alike joined together to take note of the latest and greatest, scanning ground displays and taking in dramatic performances a few hundred feet above the sweltering tarmac. You don't need to rough it at Le Bourget to see this year's displays, though. We've collected many of the 2013 Paris Air Show's deadliest crafts in the gallery just below.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/jf3xn0lBHW0/

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The Perfect Weekend Bag Transforms Into a Pre-Stocked Hanging Shelf

The Perfect Weekend Bag Transforms Into a Pre-Stocked Hanging Shelf

If you hate living out of your suitcase when you travel, but are also just too damn lazy to hang stuff up or fill a drawer, these Rise & Hang bags are the perfect solution to your biggest traveling gripe. The $99 Weekender bag uses the company's patented collapsible shelving system, so all you need to find is a secure place to hang it and you're instantly unpacked.

Read more...

    


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/bqWysuErc-c/the-perfect-weekend-bag-transforms-into-a-pre-stocked-h-514033884

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City slicker or country bumpkin: City-life changes blackbird personalities

June 19, 2013 ? The origins of a young animal might have a significant impact on its behaviour later on in life. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell, Germany, have been able to demonstrate in hand-reared blackbirds that urban-born individuals are less curious and more cautious about new objects than their country counterparts. This study sheds light on an interesting debate on whether personality differences between rural and urban birds are behavioural adjustments to urban environments, or if there is an underlying evolutionary basis to the existence of different personalities in urban habitats.

It's something pet owners have always known: animals have personalities too. More than 100 species have so far been identified by scientists where individuals consistently follow distinct behavioural strategies and behave in similar ways in a variety of situations. Scientists believe that such differences may also be important in adapting to new habitats.

Urbanization has considerably changed the living conditions of many wild animals. Animals living in urban areas need to cope with new anthropogenically-altered living conditions. A textbook example is the European blackbird (Turdus merula). Historically a forest-dweller, the blackbird is now one of the most common bird species found in our cities. In these new habitats, the blackbird has changed its behaviour in many ways: urban blackbirds migrate less in the winter, breed earlier, and live in higher densities than their forest conspecifics.

Cities might be also responsible for fundamental changes in the behaviour of wild animals across the globe. A team from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell analysed existing studies on differences between urban and rural populations of various species. In 27 out of 29 studies, animals in the city responded differently to new stimuli than animals in the countryside. "This seems to be a global phenomenon," comments Ana Catarina Miranda, the lead author in the study.

Moreover, the Radolfzell scientists tested whether or not these behavioural differences also reflect different personality types and if so, whether this is a result of evolutionary changes or individual flexibility.. To this end, the scientists collected nestlings from an urban and a rural environment, hand-reared them and kept them individually under identical conditions. When these blackbirds matured into adults, the researchers repeatedly presented individuals with unfamiliar objects over a period of several months.

Compared with birds from the forest, the birds from the city waited much longer before they approached a new object. Not only did urban blackbirds react more cautiously towards new objects, they also tended to avoid unfamiliar objects. Since all the birds were collected as nestlings, hand-reared, and kept under identical conditions during the entire experiment, the differences in behavioural responses between urban and rural blackbirds seem to be intrinsic and not a result of experiencing the original urban or rural environments. A recently published study supports these findings: Genes which are believed to be involved in shaping personality traits exhibit a different structure in urban blackbirds than in their rural counterparts.

This work is an important step to understand how animals cope with our urbanizing world. Different reasons might be behind differences in personality types between urban and rural animals, and this is a question to be further explored. "Animals in fast-paced urban environments face numerous and potentially dangerous new situations, and this might select for specific reactions towards novelty," suggests Miranda. "Evolution appears to have favoured certain personality types."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/ZzIFPIkqnGU/130619101525.htm

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Tuesday, June 18, 2013

So Much for 'Father's Day' - in a Country Where Fatherhood is Dying ...

By the end of his or her childhood, a British boy or girl is much more likely to have a TV set in the bedroom than a father at home.

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Our 45-year national war against traditional family life has been so successful that almost 50% of 15-year-olds no longer live with both their parents. At the same time we have indulged our neglected and abandoned young with electronics, so that 79% of children aged between 5 and 16 have bedroom TVs.

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And as we soppily mark ?Father?s Day? with cards, socks, sentimentality and meals out, we should remember that in almost all cases the absent parent is the father.

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There is no doubt about the facts here. Let me list some of them. The cost of our wild, unprecedented national experiment in fatherlessness is now ?49 billion each year, more than the defence budget. This figure, currently costing each taxpayer ?1,541 per year, is rising all the time, and has gone up by almost a quarter since 2009.

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The money partly goes on handouts and housing which an old-fashioned family with a working father would not have needed. Partly it goes on trying to cope with the crime, disorder, truancy, educational failure, physical and mental illness and general misery which are so much more common among the fatherless than in those from stable homes.

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And there is more to come. One in three marriages ends in divorce, while many who would once have married never even bother.? Roughly 300,000 families of all kinds separate every year. There are now three million children growing up in fatherless homes.? Another 58 fatherless families are launched every day.? And be in no doubt that it is the fathers who are, overwhelmingly, absent in these new-style modern households. Only 8% of single-parent homes are headed by a lone father.

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Four in ten children being brought up by their mothers ? nearly 1.2 million - have no contact with their fathers at all.

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Another 67,000 (In England alone) dwell in the organised despair and neglect which are cruelly misnamed ?care?.

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In the last 40 years the proportion of adults who are married has sunk from 70% to fewer than half.? The number of single adults has hugely increased (up 50%). A quarter of a million people each year spend Christmas alone. One in six adults now cohabits, compared to one in 50 in the 1960s.? Cohabiting households, which have doubled in number since 1996, are the fastest-growing type of family arrangement in the United Kingdom.

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By 2015, there will be two million lone parents (up 120,000 since 2010); more than 24% of children will be in lone-parent households.

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It matters. Young people from fractured homes are statistically twice as likely to have behaviour problems as those from stable households. They are more likely to be depressed, to abuse drugs or alcohol, to do badly at school, and end up living in relative poverty.

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Girls with absent fathers (according to studies in the USA and New Zealand) have teenage pregnancy rates seven or eight times as high as those whose fathers have stayed in meaningful touch with them.

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By contrast, the link between marriage and good health is so strong that one study showed the health gain achieved by marrying was as great as that received from giving up smoking.

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In all these dismal statistics of marriage decline and failure, the United Kingdom is one of the worst afflicted among advanced nations.? And in many of the poorest and most desolate parts of the country, the problem is concentrated into certain areas where fathers in the home are an endangered species.

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From Gosport in Hampshire, to Cardiff, Liverpool, Easington in County Durham, Inner London, Bristol, Birmingham and Sheffield, there are whole city wards where at least 60% of the households are headed by a lone parent.??????

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And it is in such circumstances that a procession of serial boyfriends, a type of domestic arrangement closely associated with physical and sexual abuse of children, is most likely to exist.

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This great fleet of hard truths is known in general to those who govern the country, and in hard detail to millions who suffer from their consequences.

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How, as a country and a people can we manage to be so indifferent to them, when we claim to set fatherhood and fathers at the centre of our culture? The fundamental prayer of the Christian church begins with the words ?Our Father?. Americans speak of their ?founding fathers?. The father has since human society began been protector, provider, source of authority, bound by honour and fidelity to defend his hearth.

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If he is gone, who takes his place ? Of all people, D.H. Lawrence, author of Lady Chatterley?s Lover, wrote of a man and his wife as ?a king and queen with one or two subjects and a few square yards of territory of their own?true freedom because it is a true fulfilment for man, woman and children.?

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But he warned of a great danger if marriage, which makes fatherhood what it is,? fell. ?Break it, and you will have to go back to the overwhelming dominance of the State, which existed before the Christian era?.

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And now we see his prophecy fulfilled. The state spends billions, and intervenes incessantly, to try to replace the lost force of fatherhood, and it fails.

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I owe most of the facts above to the Centre for Social Justice, which on Friday published its full report into what it calls ?Fractured Families?.

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The CSJ is very close to the Tory party, to the government and to Iain Duncan Smith, the Work and Pensions Secretary. So it is startling to find that the report is coldly savage in its dismissal of the Cameron government?s efforts to fix this problem.

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?Conservatives say they would have been more radical on family policy had it not been for their Liberal Democrat colleagues, but even those commitments made in the Programme for Government have been ignored so far.

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?So for all of the promises the Conservatives made in Opposition, for all of the gimmick giveaways politicians have unveiled for middle-class families, and for all of the safe ?families come in all shapes and sizes? rhetoric ministers have used for decades, hardly anything has been done to resist the tsunami of family breakdown battering the United Kingdom?.

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The authors continue: ?Saying that family form is irrelevant is inaccurate and ultimately counter-productive?? This is true. Someone ought to speak up for marriage. But is it entirely true to say that ?Backing commitment and setting a goal of reducing instability does not equate to criticising or stigmatising lone parents.?? Doesn?t approval of the one inevitably stigmatise the other? And if you aren?t prepared to do that, will you get anywhere?

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They also assert that ?marriage is not a right-wing obsession?, though, speaking as a right-winger I rather think it is. It certainly isn?t a left-wing priority.? They argue : ?People throughout society want to marry, but the cultural and financial barriers faced by those in the poorest communities thwart their aspirations?.

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It is certainly true that some benefits actively discourage couples from being or staying married.

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But it is the ?cultural? barriers I want to talk about here. Anyone who dares to discuss this subject is quickly accused of ?hating? or wishing to persecute ?single mothers?. Any article on the subject is supposed (maybe it is an EU regulation?) to contain a disclaimer saying that many single mothers do a great job.

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Well, I neither hate single mothers nor wish to persecute them, and I am perfectly prepared to believe that many of them do a great job. But it isn?t the point. The main problem with single mothers is that they are acting rationally, in a society which actively encourages them with money and approval. Who can blame them?

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There is a lot of piety about this. Suggest that anyone deliberately gets pregnant (or rather, in this age of morning-after pills and abortion on demand, deliberately stays pregnant) to get a house and a handout, and you are angrily dismissed as some kind of snobbish hate-figure.

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Well, mightn?t it be true? As far as I know, nobody has ever researched the motives of the young women who accept this sparse arrangement. I wish they would. But is it unreasonable to suggest that if you reward certain types of behaviour with money and housing, and with social approval, then that behaviour will increase?

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It?s not just me. Adele Adkins once recalled ?The ambition at my state school was to get pregnant and sponge off the Government?, adding: ?That ain?t cool.? Perhaps successful singing stars can get away with saying what others only think.??

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I don?t myself see that it is a particularly harsh view to hold. A baby is a wonderful thing, and many young women long to be mothers, and good luck to them. Many modern males are a pretty unattractive proposition, so why marry one, if the state will give you a home and an income on your own?

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Meanwhile men have learned enough about the divorce courts to know that marriage is a big risk. If it goes wrong, they are the ones who have to move out, and yet they will still have to pay.

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Why not take advantage of the fact that the state - which once demanded the father?s name when any baby was registered, so he could be made to pay for his child - now happily allows us to leave this space blank??

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My guess is that doing anything really radical about this scares all politicians too much. For the War on Fatherhood is protected by a great taboo.

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In every family, every workplace, every school, every pub, every weekend football or cricket team, every political party, every church congregation, there are now large numbers of people who signed up for the Great Cultural and Moral Revolution which was launched in the 1960s and swept through the land like a mighty rushing wind in the 1970s.

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The fiery heart of this was the Divorce Law Reform Act of 1969.? This change was very popular.? It is interesting to note that, just before it began its way through Parliament, Engelbert Humperdinck?s hymn for would-be divorcees, ?Release Me?, pushed the Beatles off the top of the music charts for weeks on end.

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The new law pretty much embodied the song?s plea ?Please release me, let me go/For I don't love you any more/To waste our lives would be a sin/Release me and let me love again.?

Portrayed at the time as a kindness to those trapped in loveless marriages, the new law made it much easier to end a troubled union than to fight to save it.

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And once this had become general, marriage changed with amazing speed from a lifelong commitment into a lifestyle choice. And from a lifestyle choice it changed into a risky and often inconvenient contract. Divorce wasn?t shameful or embarrassing any more. The country was littered with male divorcees complaining about the division of the property and the child support payments.?

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Men began to calculate that marriage wasn?t worth it. And the Pill and easy abortion (other parts of the 1960s revolution) put an end to shotgun weddings.

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Who, in such a society, could condemn the pregnant teenager without hypocrisy? Hardly anyone, especially rackety politicians and flexible churchmen.? The middle classes had abandoned lifelong marriage with a sigh of relief. The aristocracy had never cared for it much. Even the Royal Family was riddled with divorce.

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The housing-estate poor were simply following the same moral code as those who posed as their betters, and weren?t actually better at all. And the adults of the era have all had a lot of fun as a result. But everyone, throughout this great period of release and revolt, forgot one small thing. What was to become of the children?

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Now we are finding out. And a generation which has never known fathers, or family life, or fidelity or constancy, is now busy begetting children of its own. What will become of them? How will boys who have never seen a father learn to be fathers?

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I?d have a moral panic at this stage, if I thought it would do any good. But perhaps it will be the victims of this selfish generation, our children and grandchildren, who ? having suffered its effects - will re-establish stable family life in our country.

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**A Hostile contributor complains about 'a distinct lack of citations' in thjis article. Apart from the fact that newspaper articles are not normally footnoted, the piece clearly states:

"I owe most of the facts above to the Centre for Social Justice, which on Friday published its full report into what it calls ?Fractured Families?."

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This document is fully footnoted and can be found here :

http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJ_Fractured_Families_Report_WEB_13.06.13.pdf

?

?

?

Source: http://hitchensblog.mailonsunday.co.uk/2013/06/so-much-for-fathers-day-in-a-country-where-fatherhood-is-dying-out.html

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Rare genomic mutations found in 10 families with early-onset, familial Alzheimer's disease

Rare genomic mutations found in 10 families with early-onset, familial Alzheimer's disease [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mike Morrison
mdmorrison@partners.org
617-724-6425
Massachusetts General Hospital

Unique changes in DNA structure found in each family, affected genes important to neuronal function

Although a family history of Alzheimer's disease is a primary risk factor for the devastating neurological disorder, mutations in only three genes the amyloid precursor protein and presenilins 1 and 2 have been established as causative for inherited, early-onset Alzheimer's, accounting for about half of such cases. Now Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers have discovered a type of mutation known as copy-number variants (CNVs) deletions, duplications, or rearrangements of human genomic DNA in affected members of 10 families with early-onset Alzheimer's. Notably, different genomic changes were identified in the Alzheimer's patients in each family.

The study was conducted as part of the Alzheimer's Genome Project directed by Rudolph Tanzi, PhD, director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and a co-discoverer of the first three early-onset genes and was supported by the Cure Alzheimer's Fund and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

"We found that the Alzheimer's-afflicted members of these families had duplications or deletions in genes with important roles in brain function, while their unaffected siblings had unaltered copies of those genes," says Basavaraj Hooli, PhD, of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, lead author of a report that has been published online in Molecular Psychiatry. "Since our preliminary review of the affected genes has provided strong clues to a range of pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, we believe that further research into the functional effects of these CNVs will provide new insights into Alzheimer's pathogenesis." Hooli is a research fellow in Neurology at Harvard Medical School.

Most studies searching for genes contributing to Alzheimer's risk have looked for variants in a single nucleotide, and while thousands of such changes have been identified, each appears to have a very small impact on disease risk. Recently research has found that CNVs in which DNA segments of varying lengths are deleted or duplicated have a greater impact on genomic diversity than do single-nucleotide changes. This led Tanzi and his team to search for large CNVs in affected members of families with inherited Alzheimer's disease. "These are the first new early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease gene mutations to be reported since 1995, when we co-discovered the presenilins. As with those original genes, we hope to use the information gained from studies of the new Alzheimer's mutations to guide the development of novel therapies aimed at preventing and treating this devastating disease." Tanzi explains.

The investigators reviewed genomic data from two sources the NIMH Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Initiative and the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and focused on 261 families with at least one member who developed Alzheimer's before the age of 65. Using a novel algorithm they had developed for analyzing CNVs, the researchers identified deletions or duplications that appeared only in affected members of these families. Two of these families had CNVs that included the well-established amyloid precursor protein gene, but 10 others were found to have novel Alzheimer's-associated CNVs, with different gene segments being affected in each family.

While none of the novel variants have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, most of them affect genes believed to be essential to normal neuronal function, and several have been previously associated with other forms of dementia. For example, one of the identified CNVs involves deletion of a gene called CHMP2B, mutations of which can cause ALS. In another family, affected members had three copies of the gene MAPT, which encodes the tau protein found in the neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's. Mutations in MAPT also cause frontotemporal dementia.

Hooli explains, "Potential clinical application of the findings of this study are not yet clear and require two additional pieces of information: similar studies in larger groups of families with inherited Alzheimer's to establish the prevalence of these CNVs and whether the presence of one ensures development of the disease, and a better understanding of how these variants affect neuronal pathways leading to the early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease."

"In a broader sense," Tanzi adds, "the advent of affordable, advanced whole-genome sequencing will lead to the identification of novel, rare mutations that lead to many human disorders. In the future, diagnosis and prognosis may rely more on disease genetics than on traditional laboratory results and behavioral effects. If knowing the exact genetic causes of these disorders leads to more effective and efficient treatment strategies targeted to specific defects, the consequences of this approach would be enormous."

###

In addition to Tanzi, the Joseph P. and Rose F. Kennedy Professor of Neurology at HMS and senior author of the current report, co-authors are Kristina Mullin, MS, Maxwell A. Blumenthal, and Can Zhang, PhD, MGH Genetics and Aging Unit; Gayatry Mohapatra, PhD, MGH Molecular Pathology Unit; Zsolt M. Kovacs-Vajna, PhD, University of Brescia, Italy; Manuel Mattheisen, MD, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Christoph Lange, PhD, Harvard School of Public Health, and Lars Bertram, MD, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin.

Massachusetts General Hospital, founded in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of more than $775 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, reproductive biology, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine. In July 2012, MGH moved into the number one spot on the 2012-13 U.S. News & World Report list of "America's Best Hospitals."


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Rare genomic mutations found in 10 families with early-onset, familial Alzheimer's disease [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mike Morrison
mdmorrison@partners.org
617-724-6425
Massachusetts General Hospital

Unique changes in DNA structure found in each family, affected genes important to neuronal function

Although a family history of Alzheimer's disease is a primary risk factor for the devastating neurological disorder, mutations in only three genes the amyloid precursor protein and presenilins 1 and 2 have been established as causative for inherited, early-onset Alzheimer's, accounting for about half of such cases. Now Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers have discovered a type of mutation known as copy-number variants (CNVs) deletions, duplications, or rearrangements of human genomic DNA in affected members of 10 families with early-onset Alzheimer's. Notably, different genomic changes were identified in the Alzheimer's patients in each family.

The study was conducted as part of the Alzheimer's Genome Project directed by Rudolph Tanzi, PhD, director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and a co-discoverer of the first three early-onset genes and was supported by the Cure Alzheimer's Fund and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

"We found that the Alzheimer's-afflicted members of these families had duplications or deletions in genes with important roles in brain function, while their unaffected siblings had unaltered copies of those genes," says Basavaraj Hooli, PhD, of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, lead author of a report that has been published online in Molecular Psychiatry. "Since our preliminary review of the affected genes has provided strong clues to a range of pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, we believe that further research into the functional effects of these CNVs will provide new insights into Alzheimer's pathogenesis." Hooli is a research fellow in Neurology at Harvard Medical School.

Most studies searching for genes contributing to Alzheimer's risk have looked for variants in a single nucleotide, and while thousands of such changes have been identified, each appears to have a very small impact on disease risk. Recently research has found that CNVs in which DNA segments of varying lengths are deleted or duplicated have a greater impact on genomic diversity than do single-nucleotide changes. This led Tanzi and his team to search for large CNVs in affected members of families with inherited Alzheimer's disease. "These are the first new early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease gene mutations to be reported since 1995, when we co-discovered the presenilins. As with those original genes, we hope to use the information gained from studies of the new Alzheimer's mutations to guide the development of novel therapies aimed at preventing and treating this devastating disease." Tanzi explains.

The investigators reviewed genomic data from two sources the NIMH Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Initiative and the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and focused on 261 families with at least one member who developed Alzheimer's before the age of 65. Using a novel algorithm they had developed for analyzing CNVs, the researchers identified deletions or duplications that appeared only in affected members of these families. Two of these families had CNVs that included the well-established amyloid precursor protein gene, but 10 others were found to have novel Alzheimer's-associated CNVs, with different gene segments being affected in each family.

While none of the novel variants have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, most of them affect genes believed to be essential to normal neuronal function, and several have been previously associated with other forms of dementia. For example, one of the identified CNVs involves deletion of a gene called CHMP2B, mutations of which can cause ALS. In another family, affected members had three copies of the gene MAPT, which encodes the tau protein found in the neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's. Mutations in MAPT also cause frontotemporal dementia.

Hooli explains, "Potential clinical application of the findings of this study are not yet clear and require two additional pieces of information: similar studies in larger groups of families with inherited Alzheimer's to establish the prevalence of these CNVs and whether the presence of one ensures development of the disease, and a better understanding of how these variants affect neuronal pathways leading to the early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease."

"In a broader sense," Tanzi adds, "the advent of affordable, advanced whole-genome sequencing will lead to the identification of novel, rare mutations that lead to many human disorders. In the future, diagnosis and prognosis may rely more on disease genetics than on traditional laboratory results and behavioral effects. If knowing the exact genetic causes of these disorders leads to more effective and efficient treatment strategies targeted to specific defects, the consequences of this approach would be enormous."

###

In addition to Tanzi, the Joseph P. and Rose F. Kennedy Professor of Neurology at HMS and senior author of the current report, co-authors are Kristina Mullin, MS, Maxwell A. Blumenthal, and Can Zhang, PhD, MGH Genetics and Aging Unit; Gayatry Mohapatra, PhD, MGH Molecular Pathology Unit; Zsolt M. Kovacs-Vajna, PhD, University of Brescia, Italy; Manuel Mattheisen, MD, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Christoph Lange, PhD, Harvard School of Public Health, and Lars Bertram, MD, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin.

Massachusetts General Hospital, founded in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of more than $775 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, reproductive biology, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine. In July 2012, MGH moved into the number one spot on the 2012-13 U.S. News & World Report list of "America's Best Hospitals."


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-06/mgh-rgm061713.php

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Military plans would put women in most combat jobs

FILE - In this Sept. 18, 2012 file photo, female soldiers from 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division train on a firing range while testing new body armor in Fort Campbell, Ky., in preparation for their deployment to Afghanistan. Women may be able to begin training as Army Rangers by mid-2015, and as Navy SEALs a year later under broad plans Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is approving that would slowly bring women into thousands of combat jobs, including those in the country?s elite special operations forces, according to details of the plans submitted to Hagel that were obtained by The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 18, 2012 file photo, female soldiers from 1st Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division train on a firing range while testing new body armor in Fort Campbell, Ky., in preparation for their deployment to Afghanistan. Women may be able to begin training as Army Rangers by mid-2015, and as Navy SEALs a year later under broad plans Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is approving that would slowly bring women into thousands of combat jobs, including those in the country?s elite special operations forces, according to details of the plans submitted to Hagel that were obtained by The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey, File)

FILE ? In this May 17, 2013 file photo Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, left, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Martin Dempsey take turns talking to media during a news conference at the Pentagon. Women may be able to begin training as Army Rangers by mid-2015, and as Navy SEALs a year later under broad plans Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is approving that would slowly bring women into thousands of combat jobs, including those in the country?s elite special operations forces, according to details of the plans submitted to Hagel that were obtained by The Associated Press. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)

(AP) ? Women may be able to start training as Army Rangers by mid-2015 and as Navy SEALs a year later under plans set to be announced by the Pentagon that would slowly bring women into thousands of combat jobs, including those in elite special operations forces.

Details of the plans were obtained by The Associated Press. They call for requiring women and men to meet the same physical and mental standards to quality for certain infantry, armor, commando and other front-line positions across the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel reviewed the plans and has ordered the services to move ahead.

The move, expected to be announced Tuesday, follows revelations of a startling number of sexual assaults in the armed forces. Earlier this year, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey said the sexual assaults might be linked to the longstanding ban on women serving in combat because the disparity between the roles of men and women creates separate classes of personnel ? male "warriors" versus the rest of the force.

While the sexual assault problem is more complicated than that, he said, the disparity has created a psychology that lends itself to disrespect for women.

Under the schedules military leaders delivered to Hagel, the Army will develop standards by July 2015 to allow women to train and potentially serve as Rangers, and qualified women could begin training as Navy SEALS by March 2016 if senior leaders agree. Military leaders have suggested bringing senior women from the officer and enlisted ranks into special forces units first to ensure that younger, lower-ranking women have a support system to help them get through the transition.

The Navy intends to open up its Riverine force and begin training women next month, with the goal of assigning women to the units by October. While not part of the special operations forces, the coastal Riverine squadrons do close combat and security operations in small boats. The Navy plans to have studies finished by July 2014 on allowing women to serve as SEALs, and has set October 2015 as the date when women could begin Navy boot camp with the expressed intention of becoming SEALs eventually.

U.S. Special Operations Command is coordinating the matter of what commando jobs could be opened to women, what exceptions might be requested and when the transition would take place.

The proposals leave the door open for continued exclusion of women from some jobs, if research and testing find that women could not be successful in sufficient numbers, but the services would have to defend such decisions to top Pentagon leaders.

Army officials plan to complete gender-neutral standards for the Ranger course by July 2015. Army Rangers are one of the service's special operations units, but many soldiers who go through Ranger training and wear the coveted tab on their shoulders never actually serve in the 75th Ranger Regiment. To be considered a true Ranger, soldiers must serve in the regiment.

In January, then-Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey signed an order that wiped away generations of limits on where and how women could fight for their country. At the time, they asked the services to develop plans to set the change in motion.

The decision reflects a reality driven home by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where battle lines were blurred and women were propelled into jobs as medics, military police and intelligence officers that were sometimes attached, but not formally assigned, to battalions. So, even though a woman could not serve officially as a battalion infantryman going out on patrol, she could fly a helicopter supporting the unit or be part of a team supplying medical aid if troops were injured.

Of the more than 6,700 U.S. service members who have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan, about 150 have been women.

The order Panetta and Dempsey signed prohibits physical standards from being lowered simply to allow women to qualify for jobs closer to the battlefront. But the services are methodically reviewing and revising the standards for many jobs, including strength and stamina, in order to set minimum requirements for troops to meet regardless of their sex.

The military services are also working to determine the cost of opening certain jobs to women, particularly aboard a variety of Navy ships, including certain submarines, frigates, mine warfare and other smaller warships. Dozens of ships do not have adequate berthing or facilities for women to meet privacy needs, and would require design and construction changes.

Under a 1994 Pentagon policy, women were prohibited from being assigned to ground combat units below the brigade level. A brigade is roughly 3,500 troops split into several battalions of about 800 soldiers each. Historically, brigades were based farther from the front lines, and they often included top command and support staff.

Last year the military opened up about 14,500 combat positions to women, most of them in the Army, by allowing them to serve in many jobs at the battalion level. The January order lifted the last barrier to women serving in combat, but allows the services to argue to keep some jobs closed.

The bulk of the nearly 240,000 jobs currently closed to women are in the Army, including those in infantry, armor, combat engineer and artillery units that are often close to the battlefront. Similar jobs in the Marine Corps are also closed.

Army officials have laid out a rolling schedule of dates in 2015 to develop gender-neutral standards for specific jobs, beginning with July for engineers, followed by field artillery in March and the infantry and armor jobs no later than September.

Women make up about 14 percent of the 1.4 million active U.S. military personnel. More than 280,000 women have been sent to Iraq, Afghanistan or neighboring nations in support of the wars

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-06-17-Women%20in%20Combat/id-9605fd4f08be4284b98a4ecbd7e9497f

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